The Mogao Caves located in Gansu province make up the most famous group of Buddhist grottoes in China. The caves, located 25 kilometers southeast from Dunhuang, are also known as the Caves of the Thousand Buddha and Dunhuang Caves and they consist of 492 decorated cave temples excavated into 1.6 kilometers of cliff face.The Dunhuang Mogao Cave is also called Thousand-Buddha Cave. It is 1600 meters long from south to north and it totally has 5 floors. The caves were began to build at 366, after more than ten dynasties’ development, they become a series of caves which are very large and beautiful.
The Dunhuang Caves left us lots of important subjects about architecture. There are many ancient architecture samples showed on the frescos, which are the materials at first hand to do research on Chinese ancient architecture. According to the different dynasties, we can classify them into 5 different characters of caves.
Among the Dunhuang treasures, the frescos are the most important part. They contain a lot of information and show us the fantasy skill in the ancient China. Dunhuang flying is the most famous one in the Dunhuang frescos. As I know, the Indian culture, west region culture and Zhongyuan Culture contributes a lot to forming the Dunhuang Flying. Dunhuang flying is famous for its beautiful dress and figures of women, showing us the dream of ancient Chinese people to fly to the sky. To some extent, it is the card of Dunhuang Mogao Caves and the symbol of Dunhuang art.
There is one fresco called nine-color deer in Dunhuang. It told us a story that a nine-color deer jump into the rapid river to save a drowned people without thinking itself. But the drowned people betrayed the nine-color deer because of the behalf himself. The nine-color deer faced the music when besieged by the enemies; it criticized the ungratefulness of the drowned people and didn’t give up fighting against the evil. The story showed us the beauty of morality at that time.

The appearance of Bodhisattva is the most elegant and attractive subject among all the josses in Dunhuang Caves. We can see the charm of East Women from them. So the joss of it is called “Eastern Venus” and the portray is called “Eastern Holy Mother”.
Dunhuang Mogao Caves has been listed in World Heritage List in 1987 by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. As an Chinese art treasure, it is valuable in history and art.. There is no doubt that the Dunhuang Mogao Caves are the bright pearl in the treasure-house of human cultural heritage.











